Friday, 30 October 2015

Thursday, 29 October 2015

TREATMENT


Treatment for Dengue Fever


There is no specific medicine to treat dengue infection. If you think you may have dengue fever, you should use pain relievers with  acetaminophen and avoid medicines with aspirin, which could worsen bleeding. You should also rest, drink plenty of fluids, and see your doctor. If you start to feel worse in the first 24 hours after your fever goes down, you should get to a hospital immediately to be checked for complications.

WHAT IS ASPIRIN?

Uses

Aspirin is used to reduce fever and relieve mild to moderate pain from conditions such as muscle aches, tootaches, common cold, and headache. It may also be used to reduce pain and swelling in conditions such as arthritis. Aspirin is known as a salicylate and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It works by blocking a certain natural substance in your body to reduce pain and swelling. Consult your doctor before treating a child younger than 12 years.
Your doctor may direct you to take a low dose of aspirin to preven blood clots. This effect reduces the risk of stroke and heart attack. If you have recently had surgery on clogged areteries (such as bypass surgery, carotid endarterectomy, coronary stent), your doctor may direct you to use aspirin in low doses as a " blood thinner " to prevent blood clots.

How to use aspirin

If you are taking this medication for self-treatment, follow all directions on the product package. If you are uncertain about any of the information, consult your doctor or pharmacist. If your doctor has directed you to take this medication, take it exactly as prescribed.
Take this medication by mouth. Drink a full glass of water (8 ounces/240 milliliters) with it unless your doctor tells you otherwise. Do not lie down for at least 10 minutes after you have taken this drug. If stomach upset occurs while you are taking this medication, you may take it with food or milk.
Swallow enteric-coated tablets whole. Do not crush or chew enteric-coated tablets. Doing so can increase stomach upset.
Do not crush or chew extended-release tablets or capsules. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. Also, do not split extended-release tablets unless they have a score line and your doctor or pharmacist tells you to do so. Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing.
The dosage and length of treatment are based on your medical condition and response to treatment. Read the product label to find recommendations on how many tablets you can take in a 24-hour period and how long you may self-treat before seeking medical advice. Do not take more medication or take it for longer than recommended unless directed by your doctor. Use the smallest effective dose. Consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.
If you are taking this medication for self-treatment of headache, seek immediate medical attention if you also have slurred speech, weakness on one side of the body, or sudden vision changes. Before using this drug, consult a doctor or pharmacist if you have headaches caused by head injury,coughing or bending, or if you have a headache with persistent/severe vommiting , fever, and stiff neck.
If you are taking this medication as needed (not on a regular schedule), remember that pain medications work best if they are used as the first signs of pain occur. If you wait until the pain has worsened, the medicine may not work as well. Aspirin with a special coating (enteric coating) or slow release may take longer to stop pain because it is absorbed more slowly. Ask your doctor or pharmacist to help select the best type of aspirin for you.
You should not take this medication for self-treatment of pain for longer than 10 days. You should not use this drug to self-treat a fever that lasts longer than 3 days. In these cases, consult a doctor because you may have a more serious condition. Tell your doctor promptly if you develop ringing in the ears or difficulty hearing.
If your condition persists or worsens (such as new or unusual symptoms, redness/swelling of the painful area, pain/fever that does not go away or gets worse) or if you think you may have a serious medical problem, tell your doctor promptly

WHAT IS ACETAMINOPHEN?

Uses

This drug is used to treat mild to moderate pain (from headaches , menstrual periods,toothaches, backaches,osteoarthritis , or cold/flu aches and pains) and to reduce fever.

How to use acetaminophen

Take this product by mouth as directed. Follow all directions on the product package. If you are uncertain about any of the information, consult your doctor or pharmacist.
There are many brands and forms of acetaminophen available. Read the dosing instructions carefully for each product because the amount of acetaminophen may be different between products. Do not take more acetaminophen than recommended. (See also Warning section.)
If you are giving acetaminophen to a child, be sure you use a product that is meant for children. Use your child's weight to find the right dose on the product package. If you don't know your child's weight, you can use their age.
For suspensions, shake the medication well before each dose. Some liquids do not need to be shaken before use. Follow all directions on the product package. Measure the liquid medication with the provided dose-measuring spoon/dropper/syringe to make sure you have the correct dose. Do not use a household spoon.
For rapidly-dissolving tablets, chew or allow to dissolve on the tongue, then swallow with or without water. For chewable tablets, chew thoroughly before swallowing.
Do not crush or chew extended-release tablets. Doing so can release all of the drug at once, increasing the risk of side effects. Also, do not split the tablets unless they have a score line and your doctor or pharmacist tells you to do so. Swallow the whole or split tablet without crushing or chewing.
For effervescent tablets, dissolve the dose in the recommended amount of water, then drink.
Pain medications work best if they are used as the first signs of pain occur. If you wait until the symptoms have worsened, the medication may not work as well.
Do not take this medication for fever for more than 3 days unless directed by your doctor. For adults, do not take this product for pain for more than 10 days (5 days in children) unless directed by your doctor. If the child has a sore throat (especially with high fever, headache, or nausea/vomiting), consult the doctor promptly.
Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens or if you develop new symptoms. If you think you may have a serious medical problem, get medical help right away.

VACCINE ??

Preventing Dengue Fever


There is no vaccine to prevent dengue fever. The best way to prevent the disease is to prevent bites by infected mosquitoes, particularly if you are living in or traveling to a tropical area. This involves protecting yourself and making efforts to keep the mosquito population down.

But, you can...

To protect yourself:
  • Stay away from heavily populated residential areas, if possible.
  • Use mosquito repellents, even indoors.
  • When outdoors, wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants tucked into socks.
  • When indoors, use air conditioning if available.
  • Make sure window and door screens are secure and free of holes. If sleeping areas are not screened or air conditioned, use mosquito nets.
  • If you have symptoms of dengue, speak to your doctor.
To reduce the mosquito population, get rid of places where mosquitoes can breed. These include old tires, cans, or flower pots that collect rain. Regularly change the water in outdoor bird baths and pets' water dishes.
If someone in your home gets dengue fever, be especially vigilant about efforts to protect yourself and other family members from mosquitoes. Mosquitoes that bite the infected family member could spread the infection to others in your home.


7 ) NEVER SAY NO


When to Call the Doctor

It's time to get medical attention for a child if they:

• are under 12 weeks old and vomit more than once


• show signs of dehydration, or you suspect they ate or drank poison


• act confused; or have a high fever, a headache, rash, stiff neck, or stomach pains


• have blood or bile in their vomit, or you think they may have appendicitis


• are hard to wake up, look sick, have been vomiting for more than 8 hours, or if you’re worried


These are signs of what may be a serious underlying condition, and your child should at that point see a doctor.



IF NAUSEA OCCUR TO YOUR KIDS, MAKE SURE YOU TAKE ALL THE SEVEN STEPS !

Wednesday, 28 October 2015

6 ) ACUPRESSURE


Acupressure

This technique has helped some with nausea. Acupressure puts pressure on one part of the body to bring about change elsewhere in the body. It’s similar to the ancient Chinese method of acupuncture. To try to quell a child’s nausea this way, use your middle and index fingers to press down on the groove between the two large tendons on the inside of her wrist that start at the palm of her hand.


Tuesday, 27 October 2015

5 ) GINGER


Home Remedy: Ginger

It’s been used for thousands of years to reduce pain and stomach ills. Researchers believe the chemicals in ginger work in the stomach and intestines as well as the brain and nervous system to control nausea. While it isn’t proven to stop nausea and vomiting in kids, it may be worth a shot. It’s safe for kids over 2. Ask your pediatrician how to try it.


4 ) MEDICINE


Medications

       Vomiting in kids usually goes away with a little time. It’s best to wait it out. Over-the-counter medicines for vomiting are not recommended for kids. Those meds won’t help if a virus is the cause --' and it usually is. Fluids rather than drugs are the key. If vomiting is severe, though, doctors may prescribe something.

3) HOW TO...


What About Flat Soda?

        For many years, parents used flat lemon/lime soda and ginger ale to help kids replace fluids, and many doctors still recommend those. But research has begun to show that oral rehydration solutions are better for kids. These drinks offer the right amounts of sugar and salt. An alternative can be a sports drink mixed with an equal amount of water.





Liquid Diet

When it’s been several hours since your child last vomited, you can begin a clear liquid diet beyond just water, electrolyte drinks, or oral rehydration solutions. Stick with liquids you can see through. They are easier to digest, yet they offer nutrients to give your child energy. Think clear broth, cranberry juice, apple juice. Popsicles and Jell-O can work well, too.










Monday, 26 October 2015

2 ) TREATING DEHYDRATION


Treating Dehydration

     To prevent and relieve dehydration, try to get your child to drink. Even if vomiting continues, she’s still absorbing some of what you give her. Try water, sports drinks, or oral rehydration solutions like CeraLyte, Enfalyte, or Pedialyte. After she vomits, start with a small amount: a few tablespoons every few minutes. Over time, give her more as she is able to hold it down. Make sure she urinates regularly.



1 ) DEHYDRATION


Signs of Dehydration

One of the best things you can do is watch for dehydration. Kids get dehydrated more quickly than adults. Watch your child for: acting tired or cranky, dry mouth, fewer tears when crying, cool skin, sunken-looking eyes, not urinating as often as normal, and when he does go, not peeing very much or urine that is darker yellow.





NAUSEA OCCURED ? ( 1-7 )


Nausea and Vomiting: What's Wrong?

Your child’s nausea has turned to vomiting, and you want to help him fast. Luckily, bouts of vomiting in kids aren’t usually harmful, and they pass quickly. Common causes are stomach viruses and sometimes food poisoning. Check in with your doctor if your child is less than 12 weeks old, acts sick, or if you are worried.
YOUR KIDS MAY AFFECT BY DENGUE?? WHO'S KNOW....??






BE CAREFUL OF AEDES!!

Sunday, 25 October 2015

HOW TO USE REPELLENT


HOW TO USE REPELLENT???
IBEST RANGERS REVEALED IT!!

DEET, also known as N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, is the active ingredient in many insect repellents and bug sprays. Products containing DEET are very safe when used according to the directions. There have been very few confirmed incidents of toxic reactions to DEET when the product is used properly.
Picaridin, or KBR 3023, and oil of lemon eucalyptus, or p-menthane 3, 8 diol-, are other EPA-registered chemicals in insect repellents. Both come in a number of bug sprays and lotions.
You can reduce your risks when using insect repellents with DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus by reading and following product labels. Also, follow these precautions:
  • Do not apply bug sprays over cuts, wounds, or irritated skin.
  • Use just enough insect repellent to cover exposed skin and clothing.
  • Do not use under clothing.
  • Avoid putting on too much bug spray.
  • After returning indoors, wash treated skin with soap and water.
  • Wash treated clothing before wearing it again.
Using bug sprays may cause skin reactions in rare cases. The following precautions will appear on the labels of all aerosol and pump spray labels.
  • Do not spray in enclosed areas.
  • To apply to face, spray on hands first and then rub on face. Do not spray directly onto face.
Look for a graphic created by the Environmental Protection Agency that indicates how long the product will protect you from tick and mosquito bites.
The following precautions will help you protect your children:
  • When using bug spray on a child, apply it to your own hands and then rub them on your child. Avoid children's eyes and mouth and use it sparingly around their ears.
  • Do not apply repellent to children's hands. (Children tend to put their hands in their mouths.)
  • Oil of lemon eucalyptus should not be used on children less than 3 years old.
  • The American Academy of Pediatrics and other experts recommend that DEET repellents not be used on infants less than 2 months old.











EXAMPLE OF REPELLENT

NATURE REPELLENT

DENGUE PATROL


The Dengue Patrol Programme


SANOFI PASTEUR together with the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health launches a dengue education initiative to address the rising dengue epidemic in Malaysia. 

Sanofi Pasteur, the vaccines division of Sanofi together with the joint effort of the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Health have launched the Dengue Patrol (DP). 

The DP programme which was launched initially in 2011 as a pilot programme is part of Sanofi Pasteur’s ongoing commitment to take proactive measures to intensify awareness on dengue and involve public participation, especially from the younger generation. 

In line with the government’s aim to educate and create public awareness on various health matters, the DP programme is aimed at advocating prevention against this disease and spearheading dengue prevention activities in the respective school’s immediate communities. 

The objectives of DP Programme are to intensify awareness on dengue and improve public education. 

This programme aims to recruit students nationwide to form Dengue Patrols in their respective schools to initiate activities that encourage the prevention of dengue and protection against Aedes mosquitoes. 

The DP programme features a six-week long campaign with activities relating to dengue health
awareness and dengue health education that will be supervised by the selected teacher advisor.

DENGUE FEVER


WARNING !

BE CAREFUL IF THE SYMPTONS OCCURED ON YOUR BODY

FACTS ABOUT DENGUE


Facts About Dengue



  • Only female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes can transmit dengue because only the female mosquito bites (or blood-feeds).

  • A female mosquito may acquire dengue virus after ingesting blood from a person who has dengue

  • It takes about 10-12 days (sometimes less) for the mosquito to be capable of transmitting the dengue virus to a new person

  • During this time the dengue virus replicates inside the mosquito body, spreading until it reaches the mosquito’s salivary glands

  • The dengue virus is then injected with the saliva into a human whenever the mosquito takes a blood meal. Therefore, only female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes older than 12 days old can transmit dengue

Saturday, 24 October 2015

FACTS ABOUT AEDES

Facts About Aedes


  • The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a small black mosquito with white bands on its legs and body .

  • It likes to live indoors and near humans .

  • It likes to rest in cool shaded places in houses such as in wardrobes, laundry areas, and under tables and furniture .

  • Its bite is often relatively painless, so people may not notice they are being bitten or they may think they are being bitten by sandflies/biting midges.

  • The mosquito feeds during daylight hours .

  • Biting activity is higher in the two hours after sunrise or before sunset, but they will bite throughout the day .

DENGUE FEVER




DENGUE FEVER


      A TEM micrograph showing dengue virus virion (the cluster of dark dots near the center)


        Dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever caused by the dengue virus.Dengue is transmitted by several species of mosquito . The most common mosquito is aegypti . Treatment of acute dengue is supportive, using either oral or intravenous rehydration for mild or moderate disease, and intravenous fluid and blood transfusion for more severe cases. 


       The number of cases of dengue fever has increased dramatically since the 1960s, with between 50 and 528 million people infected yearly.Dengue has become a global problem since the Second World War and endemic in more than 110 countries.

 The characteristic symptoms of dengue are:


   1.  sudden-onset fever
   2.  headache
   3.  muscle and joint pain
   4.  skin rash

Thursday, 22 October 2015

DENGUE SYMPTOMS

 Symptoms

Many people, especially children and teens, may experience no signs or symptoms during a mild case of dengue fever. When symptoms do occur, they usually begin four to 10 days after you are bitten by an infected mosquito. Signs and symptoms of dengue fever most commonly include:


  •     Fever, as high as 106 F (41 C)
  •     Headaches
  •     Muscle, bone and joint pain
  •     Pain behind your eyes    




You might also experience:

  •     Widespread rash
  •     Nausea and vomiting
  •     Rarely, minor bleeding from your gums or nose




You might also will..
  •     Bleeding from your nose and mouth
  •     Severe abdominal pain
  •     Persistent vomiting
  •     Bleeding under the skin, which might look like bruising
  •     Problems with your lungs, liver and heart



If you feel unpleasant and wierd with you body, or you have the symptoms, please hurry up to meet up with the doctors.Aedes is extremely dangerous so the first step you need to do is make sure you go and get some advise from the doctor.

BE CAREFUL OF THIS SYMPTOMS!!

MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE

Mosquito Life-Cycle

 

Aedes aegypti and other mosquitoes have a complex life-cycle with dramatic changes in shape, function, and habitat. Female mosquitoes lay their eggs on the inner, wet walls of containers with water. Larvae hatch (picture 1, inset) when water inundates the eggs as a result of rains or the addition of water by people. In the following days, the larvae (picture 2) will feed on microorganisms and particulate organic matter, shedding their skins three times to be able to grow from first to fourth instars. When the larva has acquired enough energy and size and is in the fourth instar, metamorphosis is triggered, changing the larva into a pupa (picture 3). Pupae do not feed; they just change in form until the body of the adult, flying mosquito is formed. Then, the newly formed adult emerges from the water after breaking the pupal skin (picture 4, inset). The entire life cycle lasts 8-10 days at room temperature, depending on the level of feeding. Thus, there is an aquatic phase (larvae, pupae) and a terrestrial phase (eggs, adults) in the Ae. aegypti life-cycle.
It is this life-cycle complexity that makes it rather difficult to understand where the mosquitoes come from. Similar complex life-cycles with aquatic and terrestrial forms are observed in amphibians. For educational and training purposes, it is rather useful to make life-cycle kits, so people have an opportunity to watch how the aquatic stages turn into terrestrial ones.





Life Cycle of Mosquito








Wednesday, 21 October 2015

TYPE OF AEDES


Type of Aedes



Do you all know the type of Aedes??

Here we tell you the very famous type of aedes.

They can be found in the house and outside the house.

Be careful of them!! Very dangerous!! 




 

 Aedes Aegypti
(inside house)






Aedes Albopictus
(outside house)